Bioassays for acaricide resistance in ticks
Acaricide resistance monitoring
Testing for acaricide resistance in cattle ticks is crucial for implementing effective resistance management strategies. Several methods have been developed and refined over the past decades to help researchers and veterinary professionals detect and monitor resistance patterns.
Larval Packet Test (LPT).
The LPT has been the primary method for identifying acaricide resistance since its introduction over 60 years ago and has proven invaluable for detecting resistance against susceptible laboratory reference strains. LPT tests are available here to detect resistance against a broad range of acaricidal compounds and classes.
Resistance Intensity Test (RIT).
We have introduced the RIT, a modified version of the LPT, adopting the resistance-intensity protocol from the latest WHO guidelines for resistance detection in malaria mosquito vectors. This protocol uses 1×, 5×, and 10× concentrations to reveal low, moderate, and high levels of resistance.
Innovative Rapid Testing Solutions
RaTexT® – The Rapid Tick Exposure Test is an innovative pen-side test which uses partly engorged adult ticks exposed to a specially designed acaricide-impregnated matrix. The test differentiates between tick resistance and malpractice in chemical tick control.
RaTexT® has been used in multiple studies:
1. Identified susceptible and deltamethrin-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from reference laboratory colonies and field strains in Brazil.
2. Differentiated between permethrin-resistant and susceptible laboratory ticks of Rhipicephalus sanguineus.